What is environmental DNA (eDNA) and how does it persist in seawater?

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is genetic material from organisms that is released into water, soil, or air and can be detected to identify species in an environment. In seawater, eDNA persists for days to weeks by attaching to particles and being protected from degradation by salt and other chemical conditions.

What is Environmental DNA

Environmental DNA, or eDNA, is genetic material left behind by living organisms in their surroundings. When fish, whales, or other sea creatures move through water, they shed tiny pieces of DNA through their skin, scales, mucus, and waste. This DNA floats in the water and can be collected by scientists using special filters. Unlike catching and studying actual animals, eDNA sampling is non-invasive and does not harm wildlife.